CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF VAN DIJK ON VOI NEWS OF FORMULA E “JAKARTA E-PRIX” IN POLITICAL ISSUES

This research aimed to explain about hot the news was constructed by reporter and also how media institution ideology and the narration an issue spread to public affect to the characteristic of certain news. The object of the research was five news about Formula E posted by online news portal, VOI where the tittles were: “A Condition That Must Be Fulfilled By Formula E If You Want To Get Support From PDIP,” “Sahroni Sindir No BUMN Sponsors Formula E: Sorry, BUMN Is Part Of The Republic Of Indonesia, Right?,” “Erick Thohir Reluctant to Comment on BUMN Not Sponsoring Formula E, Arya Sinulingga Gives Comprehensive Explanation,“ “Anies Baswedan: Formula E Has No Handlers!,” and ”Formula E Tickets Sold Out Ahmad Sahroni, Denny Siregar: There Must Be Saved Faces to be Nominated In 2024.” This research used critical discourse analysis in analyzing the texts through using Van Dijk‟s theory. Van Dijk‟s model focused on the text, social cognition and social context analysis. The result revealed that most of VOI news about Formula E is presented in political perspective and in presenting the news about Formula E, despite of had dynamic characteristic in particular perspective either the central government who represented by BUMN or Formula E committee and Anies Baswedan as Governor of DKI Jakarta, but VOI tend to bias in presenting particular person and group.

media construct their news. One of aspect give contribution how a media in construct their news is ideology. Ideology of Media institution affect how such media run their organization in collecting, constructing and distributing a news and a news itself can be assumed as a discourse form. Therefore, considering these aspects or to find the values behind a news, the text in news must be analyzed by analyzing those aspects as well. CDA or critical discourse analysis is one of text"s analysis that give attention for those. Generally, Norman Fairclough (in Gee, James Paul & Handford, Michael. 2012:9) argues Critical discourse analysis (CDA) brings the critical tradition of social analysis into language studies and contributes to critical social analysis a particular focus on discourse and on relations between discourse and other social elements (power relations, ideologies, institutions, social identities, and so forth). So, by this Fairclough statement, CDA is focused on not only the text itself, but also concern on how text is constructed and distributed in social. CDA also analyzes power relation, dominance, social bias and so on in a text and it"s related to social context. This paper will analyze in CDA perceptive how that news portal to construct or to "frame" about formula E. The Critical Discourse Analysis"s model that used in this analysis is T. A. Van Dijk"s model. Van Dijk (Amoussou, Franck & Allagbe, Ayodel. A. 2018) model on critical discourse analysis (CDA) is focused on socio cognitive. Despite of focus on discursive practice, Van Dijk rather concentrates on social cognition as the mediating part between text and society. Based on introduction above, the problem statement is "how the characteristic of News presented by VOI about The Jakarta Formula E through the use of Teun Van Dijk"s model?."

Method
This research uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) method. Norman Fairclough (in Gee, James paul & Handford, Michael. 2012:9) argues that critical discourse analysis (CDA) brings the critical tradition of social analysis into language studies and contributes to critical social analysis a particular focus on discourse and on relations between discourse and other social elements (power relations, ideologies, institutions, social identities, and so forth). So by this Fairclough statement, CDA is focused on not only the text "news" itself, but also concern on how text is constructed and distributed in social. CDA also analyzes power relation, dominance, social bias and so on in a text and its related to social context. The Data is used in this research is selected of VOI"s texts or News. Selected news mean some selected news taken from https://voi.id due to Formula E, particularly a certain recently issues that become trending topic such as sponsorship of State-Owned enterprise, the use handlers and Ticket Formula E. The use this selected strategy is to restricted the issues in Formula E because that main purpose this research is due to applying a certain CDA model on text in order to find the values of such text or News of Formula E. The following news used in this research are: The VOI"s News about Formula E are analyzed by using Teun Van Dijk"s CDA model. According to Van Dijk, CDA has three dimensions: text, social cognitive, and social context. In order to disassemble the text in the dimension of text, Van Dijk classified the dimension of text into three parts; macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure.
Teun Van Dijk (Amoussou, Franck & Allagbe, Ayodel. A. 2018) model on critical discourse analysis (CDA) is focused on socio cognitive. Despite of focus on discursive practice, Van Dijk rather concentrates on social cognition as the mediating part between text and society. He claims that CDA needs to account for the various forms of social cognitions that are shared by the social collectivities (groups, organizations and institutions). Social cognitions, he states, are "socially shared representations of societal arrangements, groups and relations, as well as mental operations such as interpretation, thinking and arguing, inference and learning". Van Dijk (in Wodak and Meyer, 2001) further identifies two levels of (discourse) analysis: macro vs. micro. Language use, discourse, verbal interaction and communication determine the micro level of social order, while the macro level refers to power, dominance and inequality between social groups.

Result and Discussion
3.1 Text Structure Analysis On this news, reported that PDIP fraction will support Formula E, transparency in the use of the budget for organizing the race and order to Jakpro (event organizer of formula e) must be Text careful in allocate a budget The main idea in this new is as long as there is transparency in using budget from APBD, PDIP fraction will support this event. And DPRD Jakarta will monitor this event carefully.
As conclusion of this news, the Gembong Warsono will ask either political elite and all Indonesia people to support formula E run successful in order to gain nation pride on world"s view.

Semantic Detail
In this news, reporter describe about the PDIP"s statement about Formula E Presuppos ition As along as there is transparency in using APBD budget for Formula E, all elite and people element must support to this event for not Jakarta but Indonesia"s pride. Syntax Coherenc e The use "however", "moreover", "because", "so" Reference This news gives information that is Gembong Warsono as chief DPRD faction in Jakarta Stylistic Lexicon Reporting verb: "said", "told" "added" Metaphor We hope this is sustainable. If it is not sustainable, we will lose Rhetoric Number The reporter present number such as one person and also number of cars that will contest in Formula E, In total, 22 cars from 11 teams. The main idea in this news is Ahmad Sahroni"s disappointment to BUMN. Sahroni assume the participation of BUMN to be Formula sponsor is an obligation, because this event not for Jakarta but for Indonesia"s name.
As conclusion of this news, Sahroni will continue to run this even without BUMN supporting.

Detail
The main idea in this news is Ahmad Sahroni"s disappointment to BUMN Presuppos ition Formula E is an event which is going to be held in Jakarta where this event not only for Jakarta but for Indonesia. Therefore, there is must be supporting from all Indonesian element particularly BUMN as sponsor. Syntax Coherenc e The use "but also" (line 5), "in fact", "but" (line 8) "because" and "however" Reference This news give personal that is Ahmad Sahroni as chief executive of Formula E Stylistic Lexicon Reporting verb: "said", he said, Formula E was held not only for Jakarta, but also for carrying the name of Indonesia Metaphor Formula E was held not only for Jakarta, but also for carrying the name of Indonesia BUMN is part of the Republic of Indonesia Rhetoric Number The reporter presents some of companies that to be Formula E sponsor On this news, reported Special Staff to the Minister of SOEs Arya Sinulingga due to Eric thohir"s Statement "no comment" for BUMN absence in Formula E as sponsor and also he give information comprehensively about the reason why BUMN not to participate in formula E.
The main idea in this news is Arya Sinulingga "s clarification that there is much time to study (to carry out the sponsorship review process, including also conducting business feasibility studies and cooperation models in order to meet the principles of Good Corporate Governance) the sponsorship proposal proposed by Formula E organizing committee. Procedurally, proposal must be proposed at least three months before the even is begun, but for formula E, they propose a month before the event. As conclusion this news, there is regret statement from Arya, due to Formula E committee"s negative statemen about the rejection their proposal. Not only about the time but also BUMN focused on G-20 conference.
Microstructure Semanti c Detail The main idea in this new is the clarification and explanation about the Eric Thohir "no comment" related to absence of BUMN in Formula E. Presupposi tion There is a procedure in gaining involvement of BUMN as sponsor in an event especially in Formula E. basically BUMN always support all national or internationally event. Syntax Coherence The use "before" (line 5), "therefore (line 15) "as if" (line 16), because (line 17) " Therefore, the Ministry of SOEs regrets the negative statements as if SOEs do not support the Formula-E activities. Reference This news give personal that is of Special Staff to the Minister of SOEs Arya Sinulingga Stylistic Lexicon Reporting verb: "said", "No comment," said Erick Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan emphasized that Formula E Jakarta will not use a handler to prevent rain from falling during the race Supported by Opinion On this news, reported report that Anies will not use handler to handle weather, possibility in formula E. the race will run in all weather"s condition.
Anies prefer to coordinate with BMKG due to weather"s situation that will happen in Formula E race. The race will stop if the weather is bad. Whatever weather"s condition must be grateful.
As conclusion this news, the reporter presents the opposite statement from chief executive of Formula E, Ahmad Sahroni. His statement different to Anies"s that not to use handler, Sahroni consider to use handler but he will use different handler with GP 1 of Mandalika. Semanti Reporting verb: "said", "told" "Formula E has no handlers," said Anies" Rhetoric Image Reporter show that this event is the race that use advance technology so there is no space for mystical issue. As Anies state that We from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government always use science and data in our work On this news, reported the one media activist react to Sahroni"s decision to buy much ticket of Formula E.
The main idea in this news that there is political agenda behind the Sahroni as chief executive of Formula E"s decision to buy formula E ticket.
As conclusion, the ticket of Formula E sold out due to Sahroni buy out all of the ticket.

Detail
The main idea in this new is the Denny Siregar"s political analysis on Sahroni"s decision to buy available Formula E ticket. Presupposi tion Sahroni decision to buy Formula E ticket amount 1,2 billion or 650 pieces is analyzed or interpreted as political action. Syntax Coherence The use "but", "meanwhile", "but" "because" Reference This news gives information that social media activist Denny Siregar and Widi Amanasto as Director of PT Jakarta Propertindo (Jakpro) as promoter.

Stylistic Lexicon
Reporting verb: "said", "according to" in line "According to Denny, Sahroni's actions did not just happen. He also likened the efforts of the NasDem politicians to a proverb which means there is a mutual benefit. Metaphor But, yes, there is no free lunch. All entrepreneurs must have calculations, Rhetoric Number The reporter present classification the price of ticket according to four categories Ancol Festival (category 4), Circuit Festival (category 3), Grand Stand (category 2), as well as VIP and VVIP (category 1).

The Social Cognition Analysis
Social cognitions, Van Dijk states (Amoussou, Franck & Allagbe, Ayodel. A. 2018)), are "socially shared representations of societal arrangements, groups and relations, as well as mental operations such as interpretation, thinking and arguing, inferencing and learning". Social cognition refers to how the reporter arranged the news, because the reporter has own perspective and paradigm about the event. However, even though reporter has important role in constructing the news, but the role of editor and generally about the ideology of media (where reporter and editor are work) very important as well to choose the news that allowed to be published or posted. Therefore, it is important to know about the media particularly about VOI itself. VOI is news digital portal. VOI as it is stated in https://voi.id/en/halaman/2/tentang-voice-of-indonesia "VOI English brings new values to today's journalism scene. Our newsroom doesn't follow a fast pattern and doesn't entirely stick to data processing styles. We choose accuracy and beauty over speed. We choose reportage over messing around with sets of numbers to find sacred truths. We also provide the most appropriate alternative for readers who do not have much time to read or watch videos. Let our editors tell the stories".
Generally, the characteristics of VOI can be seen to the underlined sentence above, that are accuracy, beauty and appropriate alternative. Considering these characteristic, particularly "appropriate alternative" can interpret as VOI tries to find out another perspective in presenting a news about certain events. Producing the same event, but presenting in different perspective can be called "framing strategy". This strategy refers to that media offer us how to see or what interesting aspect to be thought or discussed in an event. Therefore, regarding this strategy and characteristics of VOI, Formula E can be seen or discussed not only in sport aspect but also political aspect. In contrasting the news, the reporter according Van Dijk (Eriyanto 2015) will use four strategies: such as 1), selecting (how source or event is selected by reporter) reproduction (reporter reproduces source). 3), conclusion (reporter"s strategy in conclude her/his news); 4), local transformation (how reporter reveal historically the event). In text 1 which written by Diah Ayu Wardani or VOI concern about the Anies"s opposition faction particularly PDIP"s view about Formula E where at first this faction rejected this even. VOI construct their by presenting selected interview text from Chairman of PDIP faction of the DKI Jakarta or presenting direct statements from informants. VOI emphasizes the importance of transparency this event then "The requirement is transparency in the use of the budget for organizing the race". VOI gives some reason why transparency is matter to gain support politically from Political party, because this even use DKI Jakarta budget (VOI use direct text from informant). VOI also reproduce from Gembong"s statement that "interpellation" is a way in monitoring the use of DKI Jakarta budgets for Formula E. generally, reporter or VOI gives strong point about the changing of PDIP" s view that there is a condition term to give possibility for PDIP to support Formula E race, that is transparency in using APBD budget" The requirement is transparency in the use of the budget for organizing the race". Through this event, it reveals that reporter or VOI generally concern about transparency or openness in the use of budget (APBD) and explain rationally conditions about the possibility PDIP (The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle) to support the Jakarta Formula E event. Text 2, reporter reveals about Ahmad Sahroni"s disappointment that there is no BUMN participation as sponsor in Formula E. Reporter report some Sahroni"s statement who satirize and criticizes the BUMN such as "BUMN is part of the Republic of Indonesia, right"? "We don't insist on asking for (sponsorship), but we insist on being part of Indonesia," he continued". In constructing their news, VOI not only use the source from interview with Ahmad Sahroni but also from Ahmad Sahroni"s Instagram as well. VOI present why Ahmada Sahroni"s disappointment to BUMN reproduce to the Sahroni"s effort through had met with Eric Thohir (minister of BUMN) "Sahroni had met Erick Thohir directly to submit a sponsorship proposal. The proposal was submitted on 9 May". This text show that the organizing Committee or "Jakpro" of The Jakarta Formula E has proposed the sponsorship proposal to BUMN, but until "Jakpro (organizing committee of Formula E) releases list local sponsor there is no sponsor from BUMN. However VOI present a paragraph that describe that there is a company owned by BUMN involve in The Jakarta Formula "There is one BUMN subsidiary of Pertamina involved in the Formula E event, namely PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional (PT KPI).VOI try to reduces BUMN"s negative image (after criticized by Ahmad Sahroni) by presenting that there are BUMN particularly PT KPI who support in Formula E by servicing in green fuel supplying. Reporter or VOI clearly exposes emotional aspect due to Sahroni"s disappointment of absence of BUMN in The Jakarta Formula E, but VOI also present a paragraph that BUMN actually also involve in that event.
In text 3, reporter writes about the BUMN"s perspective about their absence in supporting Formula E in Jakarta. Reporter reports by choosing selected direct statements about some reason that he takes from Special Staff to the Minister of SOEs Arya Sinulingga"s statement of BUMN clarification about Formula E . It reveals that the absence of BUMN because, organizing committee of Formula E propose their sponsorship proposal a month to the race. Meanwhile, the standard procured of sponsorship cooperation must be proposed a year or at least three months before the event as it is stated in the text "This review process varies between SOEs according to the regulations in each company. In general, SOEs accept proposals for large national and international events at the latest three months in advance or even a year earlier, he said". Reporter also writes that actually BUMN support to all event initiatives to advance national development and includes various national tourism industry programs and also their disappointment of negative comment about BUMN. Through this presenting news, reporter gave detail rational about the absence of BUMN. It is different to text 2 where reporter constructs through giving emphasize in emotional aspect, while in text 3 emphasize rational and based on regulation.
Text 4, reporter reports contradictive side through use presenting direct statement and reviewing the previous event or statement. The Jakarta governor, Anies about the use handler in Formula E where according to him the handler is not used in Formula E as it is stated in the text ""Formula E has no handlers," said Anies when met at the DKI Jakarta City Hall, Thursday, June 2". They will coordinate to BMKG about the weather, and all-weather situation must be grateful. Anies also construct the positive image not only about that event, but also for him and for the DKI Jakarta provincial government that they use science and data in their work than use magical or mystical way (handler). Unfortunately, Anies statement is contradictive statement to chief executive of Formula E, Ahmad Sahroni where Sahroni stated that formula E will use handler from Jakarta not the handler that used in Mandalika as it stated in the text "We are looking for the top rain handler for the North Jakarta area. The handler is from within the country," said Sahroni when met at the Formula E circuit area, Ancol, North Jakarta, Thursday, May 19". Actually, Sahroni statement actually is stated in may 19, but reporter still write to neutralize Anies"s effort to construct positive image or to give information to the reader that there is contradiction statement between Anies and Ahmad Sahroni. In the text 5, reporter or writer gives alternative information about formula E where he posts the opinion of media activists, Denny Siregar about an information that Ahmad Sahrony has bought 650 tickets of Formula E. Reporter gives new perspective about what Sahroni"s did, especially Denny Siregar"s opinion that there is no only about to keep image that Formula E tickets are sold out, but there is Sahroni"s political agenda in buying that ticket "According to Denny, Sahroni's actions did not just happen. He also likened the efforts of the NasDem politicians to a proverb which means there is a mutual benefit".Sahroni as member NASDEM party, according to Denny to create image for 2024. In additional, VOI the give information due to the price list of Jakarta Formula E Jakarta and also Sahroni statements due to the sold out of all class category of Formula e ticket.
Reporters who wrote five texts above seem realize that Formula E must be informed in another perspective. However, there are some tendencies that indicate reporter"s intention to give "bad" or "unsupporting" or criticizes" about the Formula E event. By analyzing five texts above, reporters give contradiction news, when the Formula E committee or Anies try to construct positive image. For example, Anies"s statement not to use handler in Formula E is reduced by presenting Sahroni"s statement that Formula E will use handler. Another example is Formula E committee disappoint that BUMN not participate as sponsor in Formula E, but reporter then reduces it by presenting that there is BUMN who support that even, besides, the proposal is proposed by Formula E committee is to short in time (a month from the event). Due to, the changing of PDIP (The Indonesian Democratic Party os Struggle) Faction toward Formula, reporter writes in positive image, that transparency or openness in using budget for race is one condition term must be fulfilled by Formula E committee to get their support politically.

Social Context
Social contest refers to how public consume, interpret and understand about the event, particularly about formula E. Actually, to find out this context, the use another text or intertextuality is proper way. However, the existence of social media such as twitter, Instagram, Facebook and so on, give borderless space for people or citizen to involve in discussing about national issues. Due to Formula E where actually this event is sport event, but it become political commodity by Indonesian citizen, because the elite who involve this event. Formula E held in Indonesia particularly in Jakarta. Formula E is electric race or it is called "E-Prix". Actually, Formula E was supposed to be held in June 2020, Pandemic Covid 19 has postponed such event to June, 2022. Political sentiment in the Jakarta E-Prix not only is caused by Anies Baswedan who elected governor of DKI Jakarta where elected in strongly antagonistic political atmosphere in 2017, but also is caused that in 2024, Indonesia will be held President"s election where Anies is pushed by His supporters to be next Indonesian president candidate. There are some media analysis this event in political issues for example The Jakarta post posted on September 19 th , 2021 (https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/09/19/why-formula-e-could-be-anies-biggest-gambitbefore-2024-election.html), about the relation between E-Prix with Anies in political issues where it is written under title "Why Formula E could be Anies "biggest gambit" before 2024 election" where it is stated that "the Formula E electric motorsport championship could be more than just a sporting event". And also, it is stated that "analysts say his chances of winning the upcoming election may depend on whether he could successfully hold the international event next year, his final year in office.
Adi Praytino (executive director of Parameter politik Indonesia) (https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read418843/jadi-ini-penyebab-ajang-balap-formula-e-jadi-sarat-muatanpolitik) argued that Formula E event actually is motived by political interest. Formula E as political stage for 2024 elections. The successful of formula E will give positive image for Anies to face 2024, especially Indonesia president election. Not only for Anies, this even also political stage for chief executive of Formula E, Ahmad Sahroni for election 2024 either Jakarta governor election or Indonesia President election.
In social media, Formula E is related to political dimension, especially for Anies supporter, the successful of this event will motivate them to support Anies for Indonesia next president candidate. Political sentiment about Formula E can be seen in virtual public sphere where events that be held either by government (Jokowi) or by Anies become trending topic. For example, the moto GP in Mandalika, the use handler become nitizen (especially opposition elements) criticize to government. In Formula E, the elite fight each other to gain public opinion, for example the absence of BUMN in participating in Formula E become trending topic. Citizen pro and contra each other about that issue and some commentator such as Rocky Gerung criticizes that BUMN not support in Formula E because Anies behind this where he argues that Jokowi tries to prevent the raise of Anies"s electability. Another example how the formula E issue become virtual public debate is when the roof formula E tribune collapse, in short time this issue become trending topic in social media especially for citizen who dislike Anies.

Conclusion
Most of VOI news about Formula E is presented in political perspective, it cannot be denied that this event is smelled as political issue. Formula E that is held in Jakarta June 4 th , 2022 is Anies program as the Jakarta governor. In constructing the News of Formula E, VOI try to avoid to take a certain side. However, there is a certain value that propose in constructing about the Jakarta formula E either in DKI Jakarta"s (Anies Baswedan or Ahmad Sahroni as chairman of organizing committee) side or in Government (BUMN) or opposite party (PDIP) side. In DKI Jakarta (Anie Baswedan) or Ahmad Sahroni (as Chairman of organizing committee of Formula E) side, most of VOI news about them are presenting emotionally aspect for instance about Sahroni"s satire to BUMN absence. Even though it gives rational portion or "positive" image about them (Anies baswedan and Ahmad Sahroni), but VOI then present the opposite statement for example, when Anies argued not to use Handler, the reporter in the last paragraph writes about the contradictive statement for executive chief of Formula E, Ahmad Sahroni that argue will use the Handler in formula. It also can be seen by the news about the absence of BUMN where VOI then present in last paragraph that BUMN also involve in such event. It can be assumed that VOI try to argue the Ahmad Sahroni"s statement and disappointment to absence of BUMN as Formula E sponsor. Meanwhile, due to presenting the other side or in PDIP (the Indonesia democrat party of struggle) or the central government (represented by BUMN/State-own corporation) side the VOI or reporter present in rational or procedural perspective. VOI also give more portion to them (either PDIP or BUMN) in constructing their argument about Formula E. It can be seen about the news of the ideals conditional PDIP or the Indonesia democrat party of struggle to change their opinion toward the Jakarta Formulas E and also about the clarification of BUMN for absence in supporting Formula E.